TOEFL TEST 必須英単語5000 のオレオレ単語リスト改

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TOEFL TEST 必須英単語5000 を使ったオレオレ単語リストの修正版を
さらします。
それにしても,Emacs Lisp は便利だなぁ。Meadow 内ですべて完結するのがいいよね。

例文

単語意味例文
aerial空中の,空気のTo find sites that have no surface traces, archaeologists may use aerial photographs taken from balloons, airplanes, or satellites by cameras with remote sensors, infrared film, or other devices.
hollowsくぼみ,へこみArchaeologists may simply probe the ground with sound to check for variations in reflection of sound that would indicate the presence of structures or hollows in the ground.
periscope潜望鏡A probe, or periscope, may be inserted into the ground to locate walls and ditches.
beeswax蜜蝋Common substances such as beeswax, oil, and salt were used, though the procedure could be very complicated and took up to seventy days.
bandages包帯,巻き布The body was then wrapped in bandages which were smeared with pitch to make them waterproof.
smeared〜を塗りつける,汚す,中傷する
pitch松ヤニ,樹脂
assay評価する,査定するSome of the primary concerns is to assay the influence of one artist on succeeding ones in the historical past, and to gather biographical data on artists and documentation (provenance) on the previous whereabouts and ownership of particular works of art.
provenance作品の起源,出所
empathy感情移入,sympathyAn extensive knowledge of the historical context in which the artist lived and worked is also necessary, as well as empathy and understanding of a particular artist's ideas, experiences, and insights.
squashウリ類The daily routine of the Indians centered on the subsistence cultivation of corn, beans, and squash.
hides獣の皮About once a year, the tribes went on a major bison hunt to supplement their vegitable diet and to obtain hides, sinew, bone, and other raw materials.
sinew腱,筋肉
Spaniardsスペイン人The Indians obtained the first horses after the Spaniards settle New Mexico in 1598.
treasonable反逆の,裏切りのAaron Burr was accused of making a treasonable effort to set up an independent government in the Southwest.
In effect実際には,事実上,in fact, 有効なIn effect, it applied economic pressures against Britain and Frace who were at war with each other.
Impressment強制徴募It was Jefferson's answer to the British Orders in Counsil and the Impressment Acts, directed against neutral (in this case, mainly American) shipping.
embittered辛い思いをする,悲しむ,〜を憤慨させるWhite Southerners had been embittered by the North defiance of the 1850 Federal Fugitive Slave Act.
seceded脱退するAfter Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 on the antislavery platform of the new Republican Party, the Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy.
Confederacy連合,同盟,連盟
primacy第1位,首位Third, if management asserts primacy of profits, this may in itself provide negative signals to employees about systems of corporate values.
plow投資するThey plow the rest of their profits back into the operations.
collusion共謀,なれ合いThese are desined to combat collusion among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares, and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantlly reduce competition.
drew on〜を生かすIn formulating educationla criteria and aims, he drew heavily on the insights into learning offered by contemporary philosophy and psychology as applied to children.
interplay相互作用,interactionIt must provide opportunity for the interplay of thinking and doing in the child's classroom experience.
taskmaster厳しく仕事を課す人,厳格な監督The teacher should be a guide or coworker rather than a taskmaster assigning a fixed set of lessons and recitations.
pedagogy教育学Among the result of Dewey's administrative efforts were the establishment of an independent department of pedagogy and of the University of Chicago's Laboratory Schools.
tenets主義,教義Dewey's writings on educatin presented and defended what were to remain the chief underlying tenets of the philosophy of education he originated.
preponderantly優勢に,圧倒的にSothern whites and their descendants, by contrast, generation after generation remained preponderantly rural as migration took them westward across Tennessee and Kentucky to Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Kentuckyケンタッキー州
Missouriミズーリ州
persistence of vision残像All motion pictures are based on an illusion of motion made possible by a characteristic of visual perception called persistence of vision.
riffled本をパラパラめくるIf the pages are riffled at a rather fast pace, the eye will perceive the illusion of a moving line.
gazette新聞,官報This gazette appeared in various forms and under various names more or less continually to the end of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911.
government-imposed政府によって強要されるAt first hindered by government-imposed censorship, restrictions, and taxes, newspapers in the 18th century came to enjoy the reportorial freedom and indispensable function that they have retained to the present day.
reportorial報道の,報道記者の
alcoholアルコールIt was a law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcohol beverages.
beverages飲料
reformatories少年院Prisoner for young offenders, the first of which was established at Elmira, N.Y. in 1876, were called reformatories, which gave greater emphasis to education for their inmates.
inmates収容者,入院者
probation執行猶予,保護観察,試験Probably the most significant correctionla developments of the late 19th century were probation and parole.
parole仮釈放
strictures拘束,制限,非難Romanticism started as a reaction against the perceived strictures of the preceeding age.
untamed未開の,手がつけられていない,飼い慣らされていないEven theology reestablished the place of humans within a completely untamed natural world.
Renaissanceルネサンス,文芸復興Critics and historians now look back upon the years between 1850 and 1855 as the American Renaissance, primarily due to the fact that so many writers of pivotal importance were busily recording their world at the time.
pivotal枢要な
realization認識,理解,実現The basic premise resides in the realization that neither theism nor deism can adequately answer the burning question of man's relation with God.
theism有神論
deism自然神論
burning大変重要な
pantheism汎神論Instead, transcendentalists chose a form of pantheism to articulate their view fo the universe.
aphoristic金言的な,格言的なSuch compression makes her work aphoristic like Emerson's, but also result in occasional obscurity.
connotative含蓄に富むThe language of the poems is precise, instantly expressive, and richly connotative.
punsだじゃれ,語呂合わせShe delighted in such indirections as ambiguities, incongruities, paradoxes, and puns.
abandon奔放,気まま,あきらめる,捨てるFor punctuation she used dashes with such abandon that her manuscripts have constantly frustrated their editors.
prosody韻律学Her prosody, at first sight, seems the most derivative of her techniques, for her meters are essentially those of English hymns.
derivative独創性のない,模倣的な
meters韻律
hymns賛美歌,聖歌
Rhyme韻,押韻Rhyme in her hands proved equally flexible and functional.
secular非宗教的な,世俗の,俗人のThe secular theater in the Middle Ages established itself either as lighthearted interludes in serious moralities or as deliberate parody tolerated by the church as a safety valve to consistent piety.
lighthearted快活な,陽気な
interludes幕間劇,合間
moralities道徳性,倫理性,教訓,道徳劇
valve弁,バルブ
piety信心,敬虔
obsceneわいせつな,いやらしい,低俗なThe annual Feast of Fools in 15th-century Paris, for instance, incorporated an obscene parody of the mass performed in song and dance within the church.
festive祭りの,祝いのBy the year 1400, numerous comedies and farces had appeared, usually performed on festive occasions in aristocratic houses or on open stages in municipal squares.
aristocratic貴族の,上流階級の
Choirboys少年聖歌隊Choirboys from the church sometimes took part, but surviving texts suggest that there was little choral music as such.
choral聖歌の,合唱の
repertoryレパートリー,貯蔵所Musicians probably had little or no acquaintance with musical notation and played pieces from their regular repertory.
doctrine理論,教義Atomism is a doctrine that explains complex phenomena in terms of aggregats of fixed particles or units.
phenomena現象
Holistic全体論Holistic theories explain the parts in terms of qualities displayed by the whole.
indivisible不可分のThe atoms are absolutely indivisible, qualitatively identical (i.e., distinct only in shape, size, and motion), and combinable with each other only by juxtaposition.
qualitatively性質上,質的に
juxtaposition並列,並置
consciousness意識Politics has played a significant role in the American consciousness ever since the colonial era.
coined造り出す,鋳造するAs early as 1642, before the term political science was coined, Henry Dunster, president of Harvard College, added to the curriculum a course on ethics and politics.
College大学,university
pinwheel風車,回転花火Spiral galaxies have a small, bright central region, or nucleus, and arms that come out of the nucleus and wind around, trailing off like a giant pinwheel.
respiratory呼吸の,呼吸器系のUpper respiratory infections are exceeding common, and the best-known are pneumonitis and rhinotracheitis.
pneumonitis肺炎,間質性肺炎
rhinotracheitis鼻腔気管器炎
obstructふさぐ,遮るOccasionally, these may cause ulcers or completely obstruct the digestive tract.
tract器官
combing櫛でとかす,櫛Prevention, in the form of frequent combing and brushing, is best.
grooming毛繕いをする,新郎,花婿If fur balls occur in spite of grooming, the animal many be given a teaspoonful of mineral oil in its food or a dab of petroleum jelly on its paws twice a week.
a dab of少量の,一塗りの
pawsイヌ・ネコなどの足
veterinary獣医のIt is better to seek veterinary attention as soon as possible.
urine尿,小便Many apparently normal cats have tiny mineral crystals in thier urine.
clump凝集する,群生するFor reasons not yet fully understood, these crystals often clump together to form sandlike particles or small stones.
urinary尿の,泌尿器のA urinary obstruction is a grave emergency and must be treated immediately by a veterinarian.
grave重大な,危機をはらんだ
veterinarian獣医
inheritance遺伝,継承Although genetics and the mechanisms of inheritance were unknown during Darwin's time, he noted that certain life forms are more likely to survive than others.
disown自分のものだと認めないOne difficulty is that there is no clear deviding line between those forms of aggression which we all deplore and those which we must not disown if we are to survive.
disastrous災害を引き起こす,悲惨な,損害の大きいThe desire for power has, in extreme form, disastrous aspects which we all acknowledge.
musselsムラサキイガイThe immature mussels, called spats, float after hatching and attach themselves to the ropes.
spats貝の卵,稚貝
wound巻き付けるThe spatcovered ropes are next wound around large stakes in the sea.
oystersカキSimilar methods are used to raise oysters in many parts of the world.
sturgeonチョウザメThis is done in enclosed areas such as the Caspian Sea, where sturgeon are raised for their flesh and their eggs.
ratites平胸類The largest such group of birds, called ratites, includes the ostrich, rhea, emu, cassowory, and kiwi.
ostrichダチョウ
rheaレア(ダチョウに似た大型の飛べない鳥)
emuエミュー
cassoworyヒクイドリ
kiwiキーウィ
pseudosuchians偽顎類According to theory, birds are descended from pseudosuchians, reptiles that began to live in trees about 225 million years ago.
membranous膜からなる,膜質の,薄いThis was accompanied by the gradual modification of the forelimbs into membranous wings, making it possible for these animals to leap from trees and glide to the ground.
Archaeopteryx始祖鳥From these reptiles, Archaeopteryx, ancient wing, evolved.
Symbiosis共生Symbiosis is classified into mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
mutualism共存
commensalism片利共生
parasitism寄生
RhizobiumリゾビウムOne of the best-known mutual relationships is the one between `nitrogen-fixing' Rhizobium bacterian and several leguminous plants such as beans, peas, peanuts, and alfalfa.
leguminousマメ科
peasエンドウ
alfalfaアルファルファ
legumesマメ科植物Rhizobium bacteria, which live in the soil, enter the roots of legumes and produce nodules, or enlargements, in which they absorb nitrogen from the air and convert it into ammonia.
nodules小さなこぶ,小結節,根粒
ammoniaアンモニア
Lichens地衣類Lichens, which consist of fungi and algae, are another well-known example of mutualism.
algae藻類,藻
lipids脂質Specifically, it involves the quantitative determination and structural analysis of the organic compounds that comprise the basic constituents of cells (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and of those that play a key role in chemical reactions vital to life (nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones).
nucleic acids核酸
substrates基質,培養基Both the cell's degradation of substances that release energy and its buildup of complex molecules that store energy or act as substrates or catalysts for biological chemical reactions are studied in detail by biochemists.
regulatoryadj. 調整する,規定する,取り締まるBiochemists also study the regulatory mechanisms within the body that govern these or other processes.
physiology生理学Accordingly, it makes use of many of the techniques common to physiology and those integral to analytical, organic, and physical chemistry.
effects達成する,もたらす,引き起こすThe control unit fetches data and instructions from memory and effects the operations of the ALU.
calculator電卓The basic operation of the CPU is analogous to a computation carried out by a person using an arithmetic calculator.
Latitudinal緯度のLatitudinal variations in the input of solar energy are due to two factors.
ecliptic黄道Because the polar axis of the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic, we have a progression of seasons.
dewWhen air passes over a cold object, it loses heat and its moisture condenses as fog, dew, or frost.
cyclonicサイクロンの,大暴風のConvergent lift occurs in cyclonic storms such as tornadoes.
tornadoesトルネード
convective対流性の,伝達力のあるIn convective lift, air coming into contact with a warm surface, such as a desert, is heated and becomes more buoyant than the surronding air.
buoyant浮揚性のある,浮力のある
orographic山岳学の,地形性のIn orographic lift, the air is forced upward as it encounters a cooler, denser body of air or when it meets raised landforms such as mountains.
particulate微粒子の,微粒子からなるFor raindrops to form, there must be particulate matter in the air, such as dust or salt, at temperatures above freezing.
nuclei中心,核心,原子核These particles are called condensation nuclei.
caterpillarsイモムシ,毛虫Monarch caterpillars eating milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from the alterd corn plants ate less, grew more slowly, and died more quickly.
milkweedトウワタ
pollen花粉
hit the market市場に出るIt was approved in the U.S. by the Food and Drag Administration and hit the market in 1996.
carcass死骸Hunters would often poison the carcass of a downed elk in an attempt to decrease the wild canine population.
elkヘラジカ
ranchers牧場経営者The reintroduction program was strongly protested by local ranchers who claimed that the animals would decimate the area livestock.
decimate〜を滅ぼす,大虐殺をする,縮小化する
coyotesコヨーテIn the absense of the wolves, coyotes had been the top predators in the ecosystem, at the top of the local food chain, along with grizzly bears.
grizzly bearsグリズリー・ベア
rodent齧歯類,齧歯動物The decreased coyote population was a boon for rodent species such as ground squirrels, voles, and pokect gophers, which constituted most of the coyote diet.
volesハタネズミ
gophersホリネズミ
electron電子The electron microscope is so named because it directs a beam of electrons ranther than light through a specimen.
electrons電子
specimen標本,被検物
tungstenタングステンThe beam of electrons is created in a hot tungsten filament in an electron gun.
filamentフィラメント,細糸
fluorescent蛍光を発する,蛍光性のThe image produced is then projected onto a fluorescent screen or recorded on film.
lithography石版印刷,平板印刷In the past few decades, offset printing (also called offset lithography) has replaced letterpress and intaglio methods almost entirely for commercial work.
letterpress凸版印刷
intaglio凹版
webfed輪転式印刷The offset technique was made possible at the beginning of the 20th century after the development of certain photographic process and the rotary webfed press.
chromeクロムOffset printing plates are usually made of steel, aluminum, or a chrome-copper alloy.
alloy合金
etched表面に刻まれたOffset does not depend on raised or etched surfaces to transfer images.
greaseグリス,獣脂It relies on the fact that grease and water do not mix.
damping湿ったAs the place cylinder rotates, the plate passes first under water-soaked damping rollers and then under inking rollers that carry a grease-based ink.
seepsしみ出てたまった所,しみ出る,漏れるThese hydrocarbons often escape to the surface where they may form natural oil seeps, or in the case of gas, simply dissipate.
dissipate消散する,なくなる
anticlines背斜【褶曲構造のうちの1つ】They may be trapped underneath curved layers of rock called anticlines or by faults in the rock.
faults断層
seismic地震Faults occur when layers of rock split and move such as in an earthquake or during normal seismic events.
reservoir貯水池,ため池The term reservoir can be misleading, giving people the impression of large subterranean lakes full of oil.
subterranean地下の
porous多孔性のIn fact, oil and gas are trapped within porous sedimentary rocks such as sandstone or shale.
sedimentary沈殿物の
sandstone砂岩
shale頁岩【けつがん】,泥版岩
A profusion of豊富なA profusion of geologic activities is associated with a plate collison.
subductionプレートの潜り込み現象,サブダクションOne plate sinks beneath the other, a process called subduction.
lithosphere岩石圏Ocean lithosphere thus descends into the asthenosphere.
asthenosphere岩流圏
downbuckling下方屈曲This downbuckling produces a long, narrow deep-sea trench (about 100km wide), where the ocean floor reaches its greatest depths (about 10km below sea level).
parallel平行なThe edge of the overriding plate is crumpled and uplifted to form a moutain chain roughly parallel to the trench.
slab厚板,平板Materials may be scraped off the descending slab and incorporated into the adjacent mountains.
Magmaマグマ,泥膏【でいごう】Magma formed where plates sink into the mantle floats upward and can reach the surface and erupt from volcanoes.
mantle上岩層
volcanoes火山
gradient勾配Geologists call the rate of increase the ``geothermal gradient,'' and measure it in degrees per unit of depth.
seismically地震的にSuch reservoirs occur in permeable rocks, most commonly in seismically active regions.
crustal地殻のThese are often close to the boundaries of crustal plates, for example, in Iceland, New Zealand, and Italy.
impermeable不浸透性の,通り抜けられないEngineers could extract more of this heat if they could find ways to drill economically through impermeable rock to depths at which temperatures are high enough.
biofeedback生体自己制御There are many other options, from yoga to biofeedback to music therapy, and none of them excludes the others.
rheumatoid arthritisリューマチ性関節炎And researchers showed recently that people with asthma or rheumatoid arthritis could ease their sickness by writing about the most stressful events in their lives.
specter亡霊,幽霊,恐ろしいもの,不安材料The specter of overweight stalks some of us the way starvation stalks others.
stalks獲物をそっと追う
stalks獲物を追う
bears witness証明する,証拠となるThe stomach bears witness.
sacThough it is a small muscular sac when empty, it readily expands to take in several pounds of food at a time.
stuff〜を詰める,詰め込むYet, no matter how hungry at the outset, human beings do not ordinarily continue to stuff so resolutely that they swell to gigantic proportions.
resolutely断固として,固く決心して
regularly規則正しく,時間通りに,定期的にMental preparation focuses on building self-image, maintaining motivation and discipline to train regularly, avoiding undue risks, and learning to accept whatever changes in lifestyle may be necessary.
undue過度の,不当な
resistance抵抗力,抵抗New materials make sportswear more comfortable and protective and can increase performance by decreasing friction and resistance.
amphetaminesアンフェタミンIn the late 20th century, increasing attention was given to athletes' use of so-called performance-enhancing drugs such as amphetamines and anabolic steroids.
anabolic同化による,同化作用の
cornerstone基礎,土台This principle is one of the fundamental laws of classical physics and is a very cornerstone of modern science and technology.
carried about持ち歩くBut this advantage might well be offset by the weight of the batteries to be carried about.
bequeathed遺譲する,残るThe scientific revolution had bequeathed to mathematics a major program of research in analysis and mechanics.
mathematics数学
calculus of variations変分法With expansion came specialization, as different parts of the subject acquired their own identity: orginary and partial differential equations, calculus of variations, infinite series, and differential geometry.
giving rise toを引き起こす,のもとになるAnalysis and mechanics developed in close association, with problems in one giving rise to concepts and techniques in the other.

問題編

意味問題文
空中の,空気のTo find sites that have no surface traces, archaeologists may use () photographs taken from balloons, airplanes, or satellites by cameras with remote sensors, infrared film, or other devices.
くぼみ,へこみArchaeologists may simply probe the ground with sound to check for variations in reflection of sound that would indicate the presence of structures or () in the ground.
潜望鏡A probe, or (), may be inserted into the ground to locate walls and ditches.
蜜蝋Common substances such as (), oil, and salt were used, though the procedure could be very complicated and took up to seventy days.
包帯,巻き布The body was then wrapped in () which were () with () to make them waterproof.
〜を塗りつける,汚す,中傷する
松ヤニ,樹脂
評価する,査定するSome of the primary concerns is to () the influence of one artist on succeeding ones in the historical past, and to gather biographical data on artists and documentation *1 and of those that play a key role in chemical reactions vital to life *2 has replaced () and () methods almost entirely for commercial work.
凸版印刷
凹版
輪転式印刷The offset technique was made possible at the beginning of the 20th century after the development of certain photographic process and the rotary () press.
クロムOffset printing plates are usually made of steel, aluminum, or a ()-copper ().
合金
表面に刻まれたOffset does not depend on raised or () surfaces to transfer images.
グリス,獣脂It relies on the fact that () and water do not mix.
湿ったAs the place cylinder rotates, the plate passes first under water-soaked () rollers and then under inking rollers that carry a grease-based ink.
しみ出てたまった所,しみ出る,漏れるThese hydrocarbons often escape to the surface where they may form natural oil (), or in the case of gas, simply ().
消散する,なくなる
背斜【褶曲構造のうちの1つ】They may be trapped underneath curved layers of rock called () or by () in the rock.
断層
地震Faults occur when layers of rock split and move such as in an earthquake or during normal () events.
貯水池,ため池The term () can be misleading, giving people the impression of large () lakes full of oil.
地下の
多孔性のIn fact, oil and gas are trapped within () () rocks such as () or ().
沈殿物の
砂岩
頁岩【けつがん】,泥版岩
豊富な() () () geologic activities is associated with a plate collison.
プレートの潜り込み現象,サブダクションOne plate sinks beneath the other, a process called ().
岩石圏Ocean () thus descends into the ().
岩流圏
下方屈曲This () produces a long, narrow deep-sea trench (about 100km wide), where the ocean floor reaches its greatest depths (about 10km below sea level).
平行なThe edge of the overriding plate is crumpled and uplifted to form a moutain chain roughly () to the trench.
厚板,平板Materials may be scraped off the descending () and incorporated into the adjacent mountains.
マグマ,泥膏【でいごう】() formed where plates sink into the () floats upward and can reach the surface and erupt from ().
上岩層
火山
勾配Geologists call the rate of increase the ``geothermal (),'' and measure it in degrees per unit of depth.
地震的にSuch reservoirs occur in permeable rocks, most commonly in () active regions.
地殻のThese are often close to the boundaries of () plates, for example, in Iceland, New Zealand, and Italy.
不浸透性の,通り抜けられないEngineers could extract more of this heat if they could find ways to drill economically through () rock to depths at which temperatures are high enough.
生体自己制御There are many other options, from yoga to () to music therapy, and none of them excludes the others.
リューマチ性関節炎And researchers showed recently that people with asthma or () () could ease their sickness by writing about the most stressful events in their lives.
亡霊,幽霊,恐ろしいもの,不安材料The () of overweight () some of us the way starvation () others.
獲物をそっと追う
獲物を追う
証明する,証拠となるThe stomach () ().
Though it is a small muscular () when empty, it readily expands to take in several pounds of food at a time.
〜を詰める,詰め込むYet, no matter how hungry at the outset, human beings do not ordinarily continue to () so () that they swell to gigantic proportions.
断固として,固く決心して
規則正しく,時間通りに,定期的にMental preparation focuses on building self-image, maintaining motivation and discipline to train (), avoiding () risks, and learning to accept whatever changes in lifestyle may be necessary.
過度の,不当な
抵抗力,抵抗New materials make sportswear more comfortable and protective and can increase performance by decreasing friction and ().
アンフェタミンIn the late 20th century, increasing attention was given to athletes' use of so-called performance-enhancing drugs such as () and () steroids.
同化による,同化作用の
基礎,土台This principle is one of the fundamental laws of classical physics and is a very () of modern science and technology.
持ち歩くBut this advantage might well be offset by the weight of the batteries to be () ().
遺譲する,残るThe scientific revolution had () to () a major program of research in analysis and mechanics.
数学
変分法With expansion came specialization, as different parts of the subject acquired their own identity: orginary and partial differential equations, () () (), infinite series, and differential geometry.
を引き起こす,のもとになるAnalysis and mechanics developed in close association, with problems in one () () () concepts and techniques in the other.
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4 単語学習用というよリ260超え用のリーディングとリスニング
5 注意

*1:)) on the previous whereabouts and ownership of particular works of art. 作品の起源,出所 感情移入,sympathyAn extensive knowledge of the historical context in which the artist lived and worked is also necessary, as well as () and understanding of a particular artist's ideas, experiences, and insights. ウリ類The daily routine of the Indians centered on the subsistence cultivation of corn, beans, and (). 獣の皮About once a year, the tribes went on a major bison hunt to supplement their vegitable diet and to obtain (), (), bone, and other raw materials. 腱,筋肉 スペイン人The Indians obtained the first horses after the () settle New Mexico in 1598. 反逆の,裏切りのAaron Burr was accused of making a () effort to set up an independent government in the Southwest. 実際には,事実上,in fact, 有効な() (), it applied economic pressures against Britain and Frace who were at war with each other. 強制徴募It was Jefferson's answer to the British Orders in Counsil and the () Acts, directed against neutral (in this case, mainly American) shipping. 辛い思いをする,悲しむ,〜を憤慨させるWhite Southerners had been () by the North defiance of the 1850 Federal Fugitive Slave Act. 脱退するAfter Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 on the antislavery platform of the new Republican Party, the Southern states () from the Union and formed the (). 連合,同盟,連盟 第1位,首位Third, if management asserts () of profits, this may in itself provide negative signals to employees about systems of corporate values. 投資するThey () the rest of their profits back into the operations. 共謀,なれ合いThese are desined to combat () among companies with respect to prices, output levels, or market shares, and, where feasible, to prevent mergers that significantlly reduce competition. 〜を生かすIn formulating educationla criteria and aims, he () heavily () the insights into learning offered by contemporary philosophy and psychology as applied to children. 相互作用,interactionIt must provide opportunity for the () of thinking and doing in the child's classroom experience. 厳しく仕事を課す人,厳格な監督The teacher should be a guide or coworker rather than a () assigning a fixed set of lessons and recitations. 教育学Among the result of Dewey's administrative efforts were the establishment of an independent department of () and of the University of Chicago's Laboratory Schools. 主義,教義Dewey's writings on educatin presented and defended what were to remain the chief underlying () of the philosophy of education he originated. 優勢に,圧倒的にSothern whites and their descendants, by contrast, generation after generation remained () rural as migration took them westward across Tennessee and () to Arkansas, (), Oklahoma, and Texas. ケンタッキー州 ミズーリ州 残像All motion pictures are based on an illusion of motion made possible by a characteristic of visual perception called () () (). 本をパラパラめくるIf the pages are () at a rather fast pace, the eye will perceive the illusion of a moving line. 新聞,官報This () appeared in various forms and under various names more or less continually to the end of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911. 政府によって強要されるAt first hindered by () censorship, restrictions, and taxes, newspapers in the 18th century came to enjoy the () freedom and indispensable function that they have retained to the present day. 報道の,報道記者の アルコールIt was a law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of () (). 飲料 少年院Prisoner for young offenders, the first of which was established at Elmira, N.Y. in 1876, were called (), which gave greater emphasis to education for their (). 収容者,入院者 執行猶予,保護観察,試験Probably the most significant correctionla developments of the late 19th century were () and (). 仮釈放 拘束,制限,非難Romanticism started as a reaction against the perceived () of the preceeding age. 未開の,手がつけられていない,飼い慣らされていないEven theology reestablished the place of humans within a completely () natural world. ルネサンス,文芸復興Critics and historians now look back upon the years between 1850 and 1855 as the American (), primarily due to the fact that so many writers of () importance were busily recording their world at the time. 枢要な 認識,理解,実現The basic premise resides in the () that neither () nor () can adequately answer the () question of man's relation with God. 有神論 自然神論 大変重要な 汎神論Instead, transcendentalists chose a form of () to articulate their view fo the universe. 金言的な,格言的なSuch compression makes her work () like Emerson's, but also result in occasional obscurity. 含蓄に富むThe language of the poems is precise, instantly expressive, and richly (). だじゃれ,語呂合わせShe delighted in such indirections as ambiguities, incongruities, paradoxes, and (). 奔放,気まま,あきらめる,捨てるFor punctuation she used dashes with such () that her manuscripts have constantly frustrated their editors. 韻律学Her (), at first sight, seems the most () of her techniques, for her () are essentially those of English (). 独創性のない,模倣的な 韻律 賛美歌,聖歌 韻,押韻() in her hands proved equally flexible and functional. 非宗教的な,世俗の,俗人のThe () theater in the Middle Ages established itself either as () () in serious () or as deliberate parody tolerated by the church as a safety () to consistent (). 快活な,陽気な 幕間劇,合間 道徳性,倫理性,教訓,道徳劇 弁,バルブ 信心,敬虔 わいせつな,いやらしい,低俗なThe annual Feast of Fools in 15th-century Paris, for instance, incorporated an () parody of the mass performed in song and dance within the church. 祭りの,祝いのBy the year 1400, numerous comedies and farces had appeared, usually performed on () occasions in () houses or on open stages in municipal squares. 貴族の,上流階級の 少年聖歌隊員() from the church sometimes took part, but surviving texts suggest that there was little () music as such. 聖歌の,合唱の レパートリー,貯蔵所Musicians probably had little or no acquaintance with musical notation and played pieces from their regular (). 理論,教義Atomism is a () that explains complex () in terms of aggregats of fixed particles or units. 現象 全体論の() theories explain the parts in terms of qualities displayed by the whole. 不可分のThe atoms are absolutely (), () identical (i.e., distinct only in shape, size, and motion), and combinable with each other only by (). 性質上,質的に 並列,並置 意識Politics has played a significant role in the American () ever since the colonial era. 造り出す,鋳造するAs early as 1642, before the term political science was (), Henry Dunster, president of Harvard (), added to the curriculum a course on ethics and politics. 大学,university 風車,回転花火Spiral galaxies have a small, bright central region, or nucleus, and arms that come out of the nucleus and wind around, trailing off like a giant (). 呼吸の,呼吸器系のUpper () infections are exceeding common, and the best-known are () and (). 肺炎,間質性肺炎 鼻腔気管器炎 ふさぐ,遮るOccasionally, these may cause ulcers or completely () the digestive (). 器官 櫛でとかす,櫛Prevention, in the form of frequent () and brushing, is best. 毛繕いをする,新郎,花婿If fur balls occur in spite of (), the animal many be given a teaspoonful of mineral oil in its food or () () () petroleum jelly on its () twice a week. 少量の,一塗りの イヌ・ネコなどの足 獣医のIt is better to seek () attention as soon as possible. 尿,小便Many apparently normal cats have tiny mineral crystals in thier (). 凝集する,群生するFor reasons not yet fully understood, these crystals often () together to form sandlike particles or small stones. 尿の,泌尿器のA () obstruction is a () emergency and must be treated immediately by a (). 重大な,危機をはらんだ 獣医 遺伝,継承Although genetics and the mechanisms of () were unknown during Darwin's time, he noted that certain life forms are more likely to survive than others. 自分のものだと認めないOne difficulty is that there is no clear deviding line between those forms of aggression which we all deplore and those which we must not () if we are to survive. 災害を引き起こす,悲惨な,損害の大きいThe desire for power has, in extreme form, () aspects which we all acknowledge. ムラサキイガイThe immature (), called (), float after hatching and attach themselves to the ropes. 貝の卵,稚貝 巻き付けるThe spatcovered ropes are next () around large stakes in the sea. カキSimilar methods are used to raise () in many parts of the world. チョウザメThis is done in enclosed areas such as the Caspian Sea, where () are raised for their flesh and their eggs. 平胸類The largest such group of birds, called (), includes the (), (), (), (), and (). ダチョウ レア(ダチョウに似た大型の飛べない鳥) エミュー ヒクイドリ キーウィ 偽顎類According to theory, birds are descended from (), reptiles that began to live in trees about 225 million years ago. 膜からなる,膜質の,薄いThis was accompanied by the gradual modification of the forelimbs into () wings, making it possible for these animals to leap from trees and glide to the ground. 始祖鳥From these reptiles, (), ancient wing, evolved. 共生() is classified into (), (), and (). 共存 片利共生 寄生 リゾビウムOne of the best-known mutual relationships is the one between `nitrogen-fixing' () bacterian and several () plants such as beans, (), peanuts, and (). マメ科の エンドウ アルファルファ マメ科植物Rhizobium bacteria, which live in the soil, enter the roots of () and produce (), or enlargements, in which they absorb nitrogen from the air and convert it into (). 小さなこぶ,小結節,根粒 アンモニア 地衣類(), which consist of fungi and (), are another well-known example of mutualism. 藻類,藻 脂質Specifically, it involves the quantitative determination and structural analysis of the organic compounds that comprise the basic constituents of cells (proteins, carbohydrates, and (

*2:) (), vitamins, and hormones). 核酸 基質,培養基Both the cell's degradation of substances that release energy and its buildup of complex molecules that store energy or act as () or catalysts for biological chemical reactions are studied in detail by biochemists. adj. 調整する,規定する,取り締まるBiochemists also study the () mechanisms within the body that govern these or other processes. 生理学Accordingly, it makes use of many of the techniques common to () and those integral to analytical, organic, and physical chemistry. 達成する,もたらす,引き起こすThe control unit fetches data and instructions from memory and () the operations of the ALU. 電卓The basic operation of the CPU is analogous to a computation carried out by a person using an arithmetic (). 緯度の() variations in the input of solar energy are due to two factors. 黄道Because the polar axis of the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees with respect to the (), we have a progression of seasons. 露When air passes over a cold object, it loses heat and its moisture condenses as fog, (), or frost. サイクロンの,大暴風のConvergent lift occurs in () storms such as (). トルネード 対流性の,伝達力のあるIn () lift, air coming into contact with a warm surface, such as a desert, is heated and becomes more () than the surronding air. 浮揚性のある,浮力のある 山岳学の,地形性のIn () lift, the air is forced upward as it encounters a cooler, denser body of air or when it meets raised landforms such as mountains. 微粒子の,微粒子からなるFor raindrops to form, there must be () matter in the air, such as dust or salt, at temperatures above freezing. 中心,核心,原子核These particles are called condensation (). イモムシ,毛虫Monarch () eating () leaves dusted with () from the alterd corn plants ate less, grew more slowly, and died more quickly. トウワタ 花粉 市場に出るIt was approved in the U.S. by the Food and Drag Administration and () () () in 1996. 死骸Hunters would often poison the () of a downed () in an attempt to decrease the wild canine population. ヘラジカ 牧場経営者The reintroduction program was strongly protested by local () who claimed that the animals would () the area livestock. 〜を滅ぼす,大虐殺をする,縮小化する コヨーテIn the absense of the wolves, () had been the top predators in the ecosystem, at the top of the local food chain, along with () (). グリズリー・ベア 齧歯類,齧歯動物The decreased coyote population was a boon for () species such as ground squirrels, (), and pokect (), which constituted most of the coyote diet. ハタネズミ ホリネズミ 電子The () microscope is so named because it directs a beam of () ranther than light through a (). 電子 標本,被検物 タングステンThe beam of electrons is created in a hot () () in an electron gun. フィラメント,細糸 蛍光を発する,蛍光性のThe image produced is then projected onto a () screen or recorded on film. 石版印刷,平板印刷In the past few decades, offset printing (also called offset (